Einstein special and general relativity have no possibility of distinguishing between neutral bodies made up of matter and antimatter. This insufficiency has caused one of the biggest scientific imbalances of the 20th century, according to which matter was treated at all possible levels of study, from Newton to second quantization, while antimatter was solely treated at the level of second quantization.

An additional scientific imbalance has been caused by the rather general assumption throughout the 20th century according to which antimatter is not present in the universe in appreciable amounts on grounds that antimatter is not predicted by Einstein theories. this ascientific assumption has caused major mathematical, theoretical and experimental insufficiencies in the studies on antimatter, whose serious implications have emerged quite strongly at the 2011 San Marino Workshop.

It should be stressed these these imbalances have been caused by "Einstein followers" and not by Einstein, because antimatter was discovered decades following the formulation of the special and general relativity.

Under the leadership of the main scientist in the resolution of the above imbalances, Prof. R. M. Santilli, the 2011 San Marino Workshop: has been the first meeting on astrophysics for antimatter in known scientific records; has reviewed the new mathematical and physical formulations of antimatter known under the name of Santilli isodual mathematics and theory of antimatter; has confirmed the need for testing their prediction of antigravity as gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter; and has identified fundamental open problems, some of which are directly relevant for the safety of our planet.